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Autophagy and the nutritional signaling pathway

Long HE,Shabnam ESLAMFAM,Xi MA,Defa LI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第3期页码 222-230 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016106

摘要： During their growth and development, animals adapt to tremendous changes in order to survive. These include responses to both environmental and physiological changes and autophagy is one of most important adaptive and regulatory mechanisms. Autophagy is defined as an autolytic process to clear damaged cellular organelles and recycle the nutrients via lysosomic degradation. The process of autophagy responds to special conditions such as nutrient withdrawal. Once autophagy is induced, phagophores form and then elongate and curve to form autophagosomes. Autophagosomes then engulf cargo, fuse with endosomes, and finally fuse with lysosomes for maturation. During the initiation process, the ATG1/ULK1 (unc-51-like kinase 1) and VPS34 (which encodes a class III phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 3-kinase) complexes are critical in recruitment and assembly of other complexes required for autophagy. The process of autophagy is regulated by autophagy related genes (ATGs). Amino acid and energy starvation mediate autophagy by activating mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is the energy status sensor, the core nutrient signaling component and the metabolic kinase of cells. This review mainly focuses on the mechanism of autophagy regulated by nutrient signaling especially for the two important complexes, ULK1 and VPS34.

关键词： Autophagy ULK1 complex VPS34 complex AMPK mTOR nutrient signaling

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基于成本收益分析的集成测试序列生成优化方法 Research Article

孟繁祎1,王莹1,2,于海1,朱志良1

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第5期页码 692-714 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100466

摘要：集成测试是面向对象软件测试的重要组成部分。传统的类级集成测试顺序研究策略大多围绕如何降低测试成本开展工作，并未考虑赋予可靠性风险较大的节点较高测试优先级，从而影响软件测试效率。本文提出一种兼顾测试成本与测试效率的方法生成集成测试序列。根据软件在不同场景下的运行状态，将其映射成多层动态执行网络（multi-layer dynamic execution network，MDEN）。借助该网络模型与概率风险评估方法为软件中每一个类赋予风险权重。利用成本收益分析方法，在生成测试用例的过程中保证两条原则：为高风险的类赋予较高权重，同时最小化测试桩复杂度。在此基础上，分析测试序列对软件系统总体运行风险的影响，从而提出评估测试序列优劣的度量方案。通过与现有算法的实验对比分析，证明所提算法生成的类级集成测试序列能有效降低测试代价。最后，将所提算法实现为自动生成集成测试序列的开源工具ITOsolution。

关键词：集成测试序列；成本收益分析；概率风险分析；复杂网络

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Effects of parenteral nutrition with and without GH on the GH/IGF-1 axis after hepatectomy in hepatocellular

CAO Jie, LUO Shimin, LIANG Lijian, LAI Jiaming, CHEN Shanming

《医学前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第3期页码 287-293 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0055-x

摘要： Postoperative hepatic insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) production may be severely disturbed in patients with liver cirrhosis. Complex alterations in the GH/IGF-1 axis are thought to play an important role in the protein catabolism that complicates major surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of parenteral nutrition (PN) with and without growth hormone (GH) on the GH/IGF-1 axis after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with cirrhosis and evaluate the potential roles of recombinant human GH (rhGH) therapy. Twenty-four patients with HCC with cirrhosis who underwent hepatectomy were randomly divided into two groups: a PN group ( = 12) and an rhGH+PN group ( = 12). Liver function, serum GH, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were measured before the operation and at postoperative days (POD) 1 and 6. Insulin-like growth factor-1 and IGFBP-3 mRNA in the liver tissue was detected by RT-PCR. The liver Ki67 immunohistochemistry staining was studied. At the same time, 12 patients with cholelithiasis or liver hemangioma who underwent operation served as normal control group. On POD 6, serum prealbumin, GH, IGF-1, IGFBP-3, hepatic IGF-1 mRNA, IGFBP-3 mRNA and liver Ki67 LI were higher in the rhGH+PN group than in the PN group. There was no significant difference in the 6- and 12-month tumor-free survival rate and the median tumor-free survival time between the PN group and the rhGH+PN group (〉0.05). These data indicate that rhGH+PN could ameliorate the changes in the GH/IGF-1 axis after hepatectomy for HCC in the setting of cirrhosis.

关键词： control function production surgical Complex

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面向复杂优化调度的角色分工萤火虫算法 Research Articles

赵嘉1,2,陈文平1,肖人彬3,叶军1

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第22卷第10期页码 1311-1333 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000691

摘要：针对萤火虫算法使用单一学习策略无法有效求解复杂优化调度问题的不足，本文提出一种角色分工萤火虫算法。算法将萤火虫划分为领导者、开发者和跟随者3种角色，并为每种角色分配一种学习策略。领导者使用贪婪柯西突变，开发者随机选择两个领导者使用精英邻域搜索策略局部开发，跟随者随机选择两个优秀粒子进行全局探索。同时，为改善萤火虫算法使用固定步长的不足，提出阶梯变步长策略，以满足算法不同阶段对步长的需求。角色划分可平衡算法的开发与探索能力，多策略的使用能极大提高算法面对复杂优化问题的普适性。通过3组测试函数和一个梯级水库优化调度的仿真实验，验证了该算法的优化性能。

关键词：萤火虫算法；角色分工；柯西突变；精英邻域搜索；优化调度

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自适应光学显微中基于深度学习的复杂波前探测方法 Research Articles

胡淑文1,2,胡乐佳1,2,龚薇3,李政翰1,2,斯科1,2,3

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第22卷第10期页码 1277-1288 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000422

摘要： Shack-Hartmann波前传感器（SHWS）是自适应光学显微镜中用于波前传感的重要工具。然而，由复杂波前相位分布引起的畸变点阵限制了其探测性能。本文提出一种基于深度学习的波前探测方法，该方法结合了基于点扩散函数图像的泽尼克（Zernike）系数估计和波前相位分布拼接。该方法不仅仅使用每个子孔径的质心位移，而是通过子孔径的点扩散函数分布估计局部波前对应的Zernike系数，然后拼接局部波前进行重建。本文所提方法可实现高精度的复杂波前检测，获得的波前残差均方根误差值显著降低，在自适应光学显微中具有极大应用潜力。

关键词：自适应光学；波前探测；深度学习；泽尼克系数；显微成像

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GID complex regulates the differentiation of neural stem cells by destabilizing TET2

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1007-9

摘要： Brain development requires a delicate balance between self-renewal and differentiation in neural stem cells (NSC), which rely on the precise regulation of gene expression. Ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2) modulates gene expression by the hydroxymethylation of 5-methylcytosine in DNA as an important epigenetic factor and participates in the neuronal differentiation. Yet, the regulation of TET2 in the process of neuronal differentiation remains unknown. Here, the protein level of TET2 was reduced by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway during NSC differentiation, in contrast to mRNA level. We identified that TET2 physically interacts with the core subunits of the glucose-induced degradation-deficient (GID) ubiquitin ligase complex, an evolutionarily conserved ubiquitin ligase complex and is ubiquitinated by itself. The protein levels of GID complex subunits increased reciprocally with TET2 level upon NSC differentiation. The silencing of the core subunits of the GID complex, including WDR26 and ARMC8, attenuated the ubiquitination and degradation of TET2, increased the global 5-hydroxymethylcytosine levels, and promoted the differentiation of the NSC. TET2 level increased in the brain of the Wdr26^+/− mice. Our results illustrated that the GID complex negatively regulates TET2 protein stability, further modulates NSC differentiation, and represents a novel regulatory mechanism involved in brain development.

关键词： TET2 GID complex neural stem cells differentiation of neurons

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人机互信的知识自动化与混合增强智能：复杂系统认知管控机制及其应用 Research Article

王飞跃1,郭剑波2,卜广全3,张俊4

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第8期页码 1142-1157 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100418

摘要：本文旨在阐述复杂系统认知、管理和控制中人机互信的混合增强智能和知识自动化机制与应用。本文从复杂系统研究的发展历程出发，通过对复杂系统的特性、人工智能科技、人机混合增强智能科技及其在复杂系统管控中的必要性阐述，分析了人类智能、机器智能在复杂系统管控中的优势与局限性，并提出“人机互信知识自动化”的概念。以电力系统大电网调控为背景，阐述了未来人机混合智能在大电网调度中可能的技术路径和应用基础，并以潮流校正控制为例，说明人机知识自动化任务流程的完成过程。通过本文内容的阐述，希望对基于人机混合增强智能的复杂系统管理和控制的理论方法提供一种新的机制和应用路径，并对社会典型复杂系统管控的数字化、智能化建设起到积极作用。

关键词：复杂系统；人机知识自动化；平行系统；大电网调度；人工智能；智联网

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Footholds optimization for legged robots walking on complex terrain

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0742-y

摘要： This paper proposes a novel continuous footholds optimization method for legged robots to expand their walking ability on complex terrains. The algorithm can efficiently run onboard and online by using terrain perception information to protect the robot against slipping or tripping on the edge of obstacles, and to improve its stability and safety when walking on complex terrain. By relying on the depth camera installed on the robot and obtaining the terrain heightmap, the algorithm converts the discrete grid heightmap into a continuous costmap. Then, it constructs an optimization function combined with the robot’s state information to select the next footholds and generate the motion trajectory to control the robot’s locomotion. Compared with most existing footholds selection algorithms that rely on discrete enumeration search, as far as we know, the proposed algorithm is the first to use a continuous optimization method. We successfully implemented the algorithm on a hexapod robot, and verified its feasibility in a walking experiment on a complex terrain.

关键词： footholds optimization legged robot complex terrain adapting hexapod robot locomotion control

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Special issue: Reliability management of complex system

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 477-479 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0175-z

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Independent cover meshless particle method for complex geotechnical engineering

Jianqiu WU, Yongchang CAI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第4期页码 515-526 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0428-4

摘要： A new Independent Cover Meshless Particle (ICMP) method is proposed for the analysis of complex geotechnical engineering. In the ICMP method, the independent rectangular cover regardless of the shape of the analysis model is employed as the influence domain of each discrete node, the general polynomial is employed as the meshless interpolation function of the independent nodal cover, and the Cartesian Transformation Method (CTM) is used for the numerical integration of the nodal covers cut by material interfaces, joints, cracks and faults. The present method has a simple formulation and a low computational cost, and is easy for the numerical analysis and modeling of complex geotechnical engineering. Several typical numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method.

关键词： meshless method particle method independent cover CTM geotechnical engineering

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Forecast method for used number of parts and components based on complex network

LIU Fu-yun, QI Guo-ning, YANG Qing-hai

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第4期页码 479-484 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0064-5

摘要： Applying directed complex network to model the main structure of a product family, according to in-degree bi-logarithmic coordinate distribution curve and distribution rule of nodes of the network, in-degree evolving rule of nodes of the network is presented and analytic expression of in-degree probability density of nodes is derived. Through the analysis of the relation between existing kinds of components and existing product numbers, an expression of the relation between kinds of components and product numbers is derived. A forecast method for the increment of component numbers and parts based on the increment of products is presented. As an example, the component numbers of an industrial steam turbine product family is forecasted, forecast result verified and forecast error analyzed.

关键词： complex network industrial component analytic expression forecast

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Cationic organobismuth complex as an effective catalyst for conversion of CO

Xiaowen ZHANG, Weili DAI, Shuangfeng YIN, Shenglian LUO, Chak-Tong AU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 32-37 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0068-y

摘要： In order to achieve high-efficiency conversion of CO into valuable chemicals, and to exploit new applications of organobismuth compounds, cationic organobismuth complex with 5,6,7,12-tetrahydrodibenz[c,f] azabismocine framework was examined for the first time for the coupling of CO into cyclic carbonates, using terminal epoxides as substrates and tetrabutylammonium halide as co-catalyst in a solvent-free environment under mild conditions. It is shown that the catalyst exhibited high activity and selectivity for the coupling reaction of CO with a wide range of terminal epoxide. The selectivity of propylene carbonates could reach 100%, and the maximum turnover frequency was up to 10740 h at 120°C and 3 MPa CO pressure when tetrabutylammonium iodide was used as co-catalyst. Moreover, the catalyst is environment friendly, resistant to air and water, and can be readily reused and recycled without any loss of activity, demonstrating a potential in industrial application.

关键词： cationic organobismuth complex terminal epoxide carbon dioxide coupling cyclic carbonate

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Amino acid promoted hydrogen battery system using Mn-pincer complex for reversible CO hydrogenation to

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第5期页码 697-699 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0843-7

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Redox reactions of iron and manganese oxides in complex systems

Jianzhi Huang, Huichun Zhang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1255-8

摘要： • Mechanisms of redox reactions of Fe- and Mn-oxides were discussed. • Oxidative reactions of Mn- and Fe-oxides in complex systems were reviewed. • Reductive reaction of Fe(II)/iron oxides in complex systems was examined. • Future research on examining the redox reactivity in complex systems was suggested. Conspectus Redox reactions of Fe- and Mn-oxides play important roles in the fate and transformation of many contaminants in natural environments. Due to experimental and analytical challenges associated with complex environments, there has been a limited understanding of the reaction kinetics and mechanisms in actual environmental systems, and most of the studies so far have only focused on simple model systems. To bridge the gap between simple model systems and complex environmental systems, it is necessary to increase the complexity of model systems and examine both the involved interaction mechanisms and how the interactions affected contaminant transformation. In this Account, we primarily focused on (1) the oxidative reactivity of Mn- and Fe-oxides and (2) the reductive reactivity of Fe(II)/iron oxides in complex model systems toward contaminant degradation. The effects of common metal ions such as Mn2+ , Ca2+, Ni2+, Cr3+ and Cu2+, ligands such as small anionic ligands and natural organic matter (NOM), and second metal oxides such as Al, Si and Ti oxides on the redox reactivity of the systems are briefly summarized.

关键词： Iron oxides manganese oxides reduction oxidation complex systems reaction kinetics and mechanisms

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A driving pulse edge modulation technique and its complex programming logic devices implementation

Xiao CHEN,Dong-chang QU,Yong GUO,Guo-zhu CHEN

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第12期页码 1088-1098 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500111

摘要： With the continual increase in switching speed and rating of power semiconductors, the switching voltage spike becomes a serious problem. This paper describes a new technique of driving pulse edge modulation for insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). By modulating the density and width of the pulse trains, without regulating the hardware circuit, the slope of the gate driving voltage is controlled to change the switching speed. This technique is used in the driving circuit based on complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), and the switching voltage spike of IGBTs can be restrained through software, which is easier and more flexible to adjust. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method.

关键词： Driving pulse edge modulation Switching voltage spike Complex programmable logic device (CPLD) Active gate drive